Grammatical cases in Arabic
Grammatical cases are often hard to learn. The Arabic language is so easy. There are only three cases (!) – nominative, genitive, accusative (I, II, III). They are very easy to distinguish because they are very similar to the Polish language.
Except for some situations, feminine words are inflected identically to masculine words. The endings are different only in the plural of the definite word.
Arabic closely links the second case (genitive) with prepositions. Nouns and adjectives that follow prepositions will appear in the genitive, for example فِي آلبَيْتِ (at home).
USAGE OF ARABIC GRAMMATICAL CASES
NOMINATIVE - I
Mainly used to express the subject. It is used similarly to the Polish language.
GENITIVE - II
- It is used after prepositions
- The second patt of idafa is always in the genitive
- Used after the numbers from 3 to 10 and after the whole hundreds and thousands
ACCUSATIVE - III
- It is used in terms of time, such as صَبَاحاً, مَسَاءً
- Used after the numbers 11 through 99
- It comes after verbs
| SINGULAR | ||
|---|---|---|
| female | male | |
| جَرِيدَةٌ | هَاتِفٌ | I |
| جَرِيدَةٍ | هَاتِفٍ | II |
| جَرِيدَةً | هَاتِفاً | III |
| defined | ||
| أَلْجَرِيدَةُ | أَلْهَاتِفُ | I |
| أَلْجَرِيدَةِ | أَلْهَاتِفِ | II |
| أَلْجَرِيدَةَ | أَلْهَاتِفَ | III |
| DUAL | ||
|---|---|---|
| female | male | |
| مَكْتَبَتَانِ | كَلْبَانِ | I |
| مَكْتَبَتَيْنِ | كَلْبَيْنِ | II |
| مَكْتَبَتَيْنِ | كَلْبَيْنِ | III |
| defined | ||
| أَلْمَكْتَبَتَانِ | أَلْكَلْبَانِ | I |
| ألْمَكْتَبَتَيْنِ | اَلْكَلْبَيْنِ | II |
| ألْمَكْتَبَتَيْنِ | اَلْكَلْبَيْنِ | III |
| PLURAL | ||
|---|---|---|
| female | male | |
| مَكْتَبَاتٌ | ونَمُهَنْدِسُ | I |
| مَكْتَبَاتٍ | ينَمُهَنْدِسِ | II |
| مَكْتَبَاتٍ | ينَمُهَنْدِسِ | III |
| defined | ||
| أَلْمَكْتَبَاتُ | المُهَنْدِسُونَ | I |
| أَلْمَكْتَبَاتِ | أَلْمُهَنْدِسِينَ | II |
| أَلْمَكْتَبَاتِ | أَلْمُهَنْدِسِينَ | III |